How much gold is mined per year?

About 3,300 tonnes were mined worldwide in 2025 (USGS) — roughly 9 tonnes per day, or 375 kg per hour.

What is gold's stock-to-flow ratio?

Around 60-66: the ~216,000 t above-ground stock divided by ~3,300 t annual production. Silver is ~22, platinum ~1, which is why gold is the hardest of the precious metals.

Which country mines the most gold?

China (~380 t in 2025, ~11.5% of world output), followed by Russia (310 t) and Australia (280 t). The top five supply about 42% of global production.

What is the largest gold mine in the world?

Muruntau in Uzbekistan, producing roughly 2.7 million ounces per year, with an estimated resource base around 150 million ounces.

GLOBAL MINING SYSTEM · 2025

Gold Mining Intelligence

Live-derived production rates from annual output × real-time spot. Country, cost & company data: 2025 (USGS · WGC · S&P Global).

Value mined today (est.)

…

derived · production ÷ time × spot

Global production

3,300 t/yr

USGS 2025

Avg AISC

~$1,600/oz

industry median

Per day

…

≈ tonnes/day

Per hour

…

≈ kg/hour

Top country

China

380 t · ~11.5%

Top company

Newmont

5.4M oz · 2025

Top 5 concentration

42%

of world supply

Stock-to-flow

~65

years to double stock

Spot (live)

…

XAU/USD · /api/v1/spot

Country Dominance

tap to drill down · USGS MCS 2026

China 380 t 11.5% ›

Led global output since 2007; peaked at 455 t in 2016. State-owned operators dominate; Zijin is the largest listed miner.

Russia 310 t 9.4% ›

Reserves ~12,000 t (2nd worldwide). Polyus' Olimpiada mine ~926k oz/yr. LBMA delisted Russian refiners in 2022.

Australia 280 t 8.5% ›

Largest known reserves globally (~12,000 t). Newmont's Boddington & Cadia among the biggest mines.

Canada 200 t 6.1% ›

Output nearly doubled since 2010. Home to Agnico Eagle's Detour Lake & Canadian Malartic.

United States 160 t 4.8% ›

Nevada = ~70% of US output; Alaska ~16%. Nevada Gold Mines (Barrick/Newmont JV) is the flagship.

Ghana 150 t 4.5% ›

Overtook South Africa as Africa's #1 producer. Gold Fields' Tarkwa is a key asset.

Mexico 140 t 4.2% ›

Rebounded in 2024–25. Major byproduct gold from silver/base-metal mines.

Kazakhstan 130 t 3.9% ›

New entrant to the top 10; rising output from Central Asian deposits.

Uzbekistan 130 t 3.9% ›

Home to Muruntau — the single largest gold mine on Earth (~2.7M oz/yr).

Peru 110 t 3.3% ›

Leading Latin American producer alongside its copper-gold operations.

Indonesia 110 t 3.3% ›

Grasberg (Freeport) is among the top mines globally; gold as copper byproduct.

South Africa 100 t 3.0% ›

Once #1 (peaked 1,002 t in 1970); now declining on depth & grade.

Mining Economics · AISC

WGC · S&P Global

Q1 (lowest 25%)

<$1,200

per oz

Median

~$1,600

per oz

Q4 (highest 25%)

>$1,800

per oz

Cash cost avg

~$1,013

mine-site only

Margin at current spot: computing…

Top Producing Mines

tap to expand · issuer reports

Muruntau Uzbekistan ~2.7M oz ›

Operator Navoi Mining · Reserves ~150M oz resource · open-pit, since 1960s

Grasberg Indonesia 1.86M oz ›

Operator Freeport-McMoRan · Reserves very large · gold + copper byproduct

Nevada Gold Mines USA 1.59M oz ›

Operator Barrick / Newmont · Reserves large · Carlin-trend complex

Olimpiada Russia ~1.44M oz ›

Operator Polyus · Reserves large · refractory ore, Siberia

Cadia Australia ~0.7M oz ›

Operator Newmont · Reserves large · gold + copper, block cave

Top Producers

FY2025 · tap to expand

Newmont 5.4M oz $1,620/oz ›

Reserves 89M oz · Jurisdiction risk low · Focus USA / global

Agnico Eagle 3.5M oz $1,300/oz ›

Reserves 54M oz · Jurisdiction risk low · Focus Canada-centric

Barrick Mining 3.1M oz $1,570/oz ›

Reserves 77M oz · Jurisdiction risk elevated (Mali) · Focus global

AngloGold Ashanti 2.7M oz $1,560/oz ›

Reserves 29M oz · Jurisdiction risk moderate · Focus Africa / Americas

Kinross Gold 2.0M oz $1,480/oz ›

Reserves 24M oz · Jurisdiction risk moderate · Focus Americas / W.Africa

Scarcity · Stock-to-Flow

WGC · USGS

Gold

~65

stock ÷ flow

216,000 t stock · 3,300 t/yr · ~1.5% issuance

Silver

~22

stock ÷ flow

higher issuance, more consumed industrially

Bitcoin

~56

post-2024 halving

approaches gold's scarcity by design

Stock-to-flow = existing above-ground stock ÷ annual new supply. Gold's ~65 means it would take ~65 years of current production to double the stock — the highest of any physical commodity, and the core of its monetary role. Annual issuance ~1.5%, roughly in line with population growth.

Sources & Method

Production: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (2025 estimates). Economics: WGC AISC cost curve + S&P Global. Mines & companies: issuer FY2025 filings. Above-ground stock & stock-to-flow: World Gold Council. The "value mined today" counter is a derived estimate (annual production ÷ elapsed time × live spot) — an illustration of scale, not a measured feed. All annual figures are reference data with explicit 2025 vintage; only the XAU/USD spot input is live.