Gold Mining Intelligence

Name: Gold Mining Intelligence, Production, Economics & Scarcity 2025
Creator: XAUS

Live-derived production rates from annual output × real-time spot. Country, cost & company data: 2025 (USGS · WGC · S&P Global).

Value mined today (est.)

…

derived · production ÷ time × spot

Global production

3,300 t/yr

USGS 2025

Avg AISC

~$1,600/oz

industry median

Per day

…

≈ tonnes/day

Per hour

…

≈ kg/hour

Top country

China

380 t · ~11.5%

Top company

Newmont

5.4M oz · 2025

Top 5 concentration

42%

of world supply

Stock-to-flow

~65

years to double stock

Spot (live)

…

XAU/USD · /api/v1/spot

Top-5 producers AISC

$1,506

average · FY2025 filings

World Gold Mining Map

30 major operations · 2025 production · marker size = output

Mine	Country	Operator	Production	Reserves	Grade	Type	Status

Coordinates, production and reserves are sourced from operator filings and industry data (2025, mining.com Top-20). Marker size scales with annual output. Reference data, extend the set by editing map-mines-data.js.

Top Gold-Producing Countries

tap to drill down · USGS MCS 2026

China 380 t 11.5% ›

Led global output since 2007; peaked at 455 t in 2016. State-owned operators dominate; Zijin is the largest listed miner.

Russia 310 t 9.4% ›

Reserves ~12,000 t (2nd worldwide). Polyus' Olimpiada mine ~926k oz/yr. LBMA delisted Russian refiners in 2022.

Australia 280 t 8.5% ›

Largest known reserves globally (~12,000 t). Newmont's Boddington & Cadia among the biggest mines.

Canada 200 t 6.1% ›

Output nearly doubled since 2010. Home to Agnico Eagle's Detour Lake & Canadian Malartic.

United States 160 t 4.8% ›

Nevada = ~70% of US output; Alaska ~16%. Nevada Gold Mines (Barrick/Newmont JV) is the flagship.

Ghana 150 t 4.5% ›

Overtook South Africa as Africa's #1 producer. Gold Fields' Tarkwa is a key asset.

Mexico 140 t 4.2% ›

Rebounded in 2024–25. Major byproduct gold from silver/base-metal mines.

Kazakhstan 130 t 3.9% ›

New entrant to the top 10; rising output from Central Asian deposits.

Uzbekistan 130 t 3.9% ›

Home to Muruntau, the single largest gold mine on Earth (~2.7M oz/yr).

Peru 110 t 3.3% ›

Leading Latin American producer alongside its copper-gold operations.

Indonesia 110 t 3.3% ›

Grasberg (Freeport) is among the top mines globally; gold as copper byproduct.

South Africa 100 t 3.0% ›

Once #1 (peaked 1,002 t in 1970); now declining on depth & grade.

Largest Gold Mines in the World

tap to expand · issuer reports

Muruntau Uzbekistan ~2.7M oz ›

Operator Navoi Mining · Reserves ~150M oz resource · open-pit, since 1960s

Grasberg Indonesia 1.86M oz ›

Operator Freeport-McMoRan · Reserves very large · gold + copper byproduct

Nevada Gold Mines USA 1.59M oz ›

Operator Barrick / Newmont · Reserves large · Carlin-trend complex

Olimpiada Russia ~1.44M oz ›

Operator Polyus · Reserves large · refractory ore, Siberia

Cadia Australia ~0.7M oz ›

Operator Newmont · Reserves large · gold + copper, block cave

Gold Mining Costs & Economics (AISC)

WGC · S&P Global · FY2025 filings

Q1 (lowest 25%)

<$1,200

per oz

Median

~$1,600

per oz

Q4 (highest 25%)

>$1,800

per oz

Cash cost avg

~$1,013

mine-site only

Lowest · top-5 producers

$1,300

Agnico Eagle · FY2025

Average · top-5 producers

$1,506

simple avg of FY2025 filings

Highest · top-5 producers

$1,620

Newmont · FY2025

Margin range at spot

…

live · vs top-5 AISC range

Margin at current spot: computing…

Track the live gold price and historical price charts to see how mining margins shift with spot.

Largest Gold Mining Companies

FY2025 · tap to expand

Newmont 5.4M oz $1,620/oz ›

Reserves 89M oz · Jurisdiction risk low · Focus USA / global

Agnico Eagle 3.5M oz $1,300/oz ›

Reserves 54M oz · Jurisdiction risk low · Focus Canada-centric

Barrick Mining 3.1M oz $1,570/oz ›

Reserves 77M oz · Jurisdiction risk elevated (Mali) · Focus global

AngloGold Ashanti 2.7M oz $1,560/oz ›

Reserves 29M oz · Jurisdiction risk moderate · Focus Africa / Americas

Kinross Gold 2.0M oz $1,480/oz ›

Reserves 24M oz · Jurisdiction risk moderate · Focus Americas / W.Africa

Gold Production & Scarcity: Stock-to-Flow

WGC · USGS

Gold

~65

stock ÷ flow

216,000 t stock · 3,300 t/yr · ~1.5% issuance

Silver

~22

stock ÷ flow

higher issuance, more consumed industrially

Bitcoin

~56

post-2024 halving

approaches gold's scarcity by design

Stock-to-flow = existing above-ground stock ÷ annual new supply. Gold's ~65 means it would take ~65 years of current production to double the stock, the highest of any physical commodity, and the core of its monetary role. Annual issuance ~1.5%, roughly in line with population growth. Roughly 17% of that above-ground stock sits in central bank gold reserves. Compare gold against other assets on the advanced price chart.

Gold Mining, Common Questions

How much gold is mined per year?

About 3,300 tonnes were mined worldwide in 2025 (USGS), which works out at roughly 9 tonnes per day, or 377 kg per hour.

What is gold's stock-to-flow ratio?

Around 65: the 216,000 t above-ground stock divided by 3,300 t of annual production. Silver sits near 22 and Bitcoin near 56 after the 2024 halving, which is what makes gold the hardest of the three.

Which country mines the most gold?

China, at about 380 t in 2025, roughly 11.5% of world output, followed by Russia at 310 t and Australia at 280 t. The top five countries together supply about 42% of global production.

What is the largest gold mine in the world?

Muruntau in Uzbekistan, producing roughly 2.7 million ounces a year, with an estimated resource base around 150 million ounces.

Sources & Method

Production: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (2025 estimates). Economics: WGC AISC cost curve + S&P Global. Mines & companies: issuer FY2025 filings. Above-ground stock & stock-to-flow: World Gold Council. The "value mined today" counter is a derived estimate (annual production ÷ elapsed time × live spot), an illustration of scale, not a measured feed. All annual figures are reference data with explicit 2025 vintage; only the XAU/USD spot input is live, available via the free XAUS API.